Robeson in Spain is based on a number of textual and visual primary and secondary sources, including materials located in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives in the Tamiment Library at New York University. In addition to the books listed in this bibliography, our story relied on Eslanda Goode Robeson’s Spanish diary, excerpts of which were published as “Journey into Spain” in Alvah Bessie, ed., The Heart of Spain: Anthology of Fiction, Non-Fiction and Poetry (1952).

Any historical account involves narrative choices and requires interpretation, and graphic narratives have their own particular emphases and limitations; the choices made in this account are solely the responsibility of the authors.


Sheila Tully Boyle and Andrew Bunie, Paul Robeson: The Years of Promise and Achievement (2001).

Lloyd L. Brown, The Young Paul Robeson: On My Journey Now (1997).

Peter N. Carroll, The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Americans in the Spanish Civil War (1994).

Peter N. Carroll, Michael Nash, and Melvin Small, eds., The Good Fight Continues: World War II Letters From the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (2006).

Danny Duncan Collum, ed., African Americans in the Spanish Civil War: “This Ain’t Ethiopia, but It’ll Do” (1992).

Martin Duberman, Paul Robeson (1989).

Helen Graham, The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction (2005).

Paul Robeson, Here I Stand (1958).

Susan Robeson, The Whole World in His Hands: A Pictorial Biography of Paul Robeson (1981).

Sterling Stuckey, Going through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History (1993).